by (in alphabetical order) John Garrett Clawson, Reynaldo de la Garza, Victoria Keller, Sarah Pollock, Laurie Roberts,
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ESAs are a new reform, and little direct evaluation of their effects currently exists. Indirect evidence, however, can be gleaned from evaluations of voucher programs. While ESAs often have fewer restrictions on eligible expenditures than do voucher programs (which are typically limited exclusively to tuition), early evidence from Arizona's Empowerment Scholarship Program has found that two-thirds of funds ESA disbursements are being spent on tuition. In a universal ESA program like the one proposed in Texas, it seems likely that an even larger share would be spent on tuition, so that the effects of ESAs would be similar to those of tuition-only vouchers.
A summary of the evidence on vouchers is given on a separate page.
References
S.B. 1178, Texas 84th Cong. (2015).
S.B. 2695, Mississippi 114th Cong. (2015).
S.B. 302, Nevada 302nd Cong. (2015).
S.B. 431, Tennessee 431st Cong. (2015).
Arizona original bill – http://www.azleg.gov/legtext/50leg/1r/bills/sb1553h.pdf
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DeForrest, Mark Edward. "An Overview and Evaluation of State Blaine Amendments: Origins, Scope, and First Amendment Concerns." Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 26.2 (2003): 551-626.