A gentle 
introduction to hexadecimal (base 16).
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Decimal numbers
In our standard decimal system each digit (which can be 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) in a number represents a power of ten in that place:
Hexadecimal numbers
The hexidecimal (base 16) system is similar, except that each digit represents a power of 16 in that place.
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To convert a decimal number to hex, you remove multiples of those powers of 16 as shown below.
Binary numbers
In the binary (base 2) system, each digit is a power of two, and the digits are just 0 and 1.
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The benefit of using hexadecimal instead of binary, is that hex is much shorter to write, but still lets us easily determine the value of specific bits.
Octal numbers
Another popular base in the computer world is octal – (base 8) where each digit is a power of 8, and digits are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.
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