10-10 Glossary

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Bridging Documents

In bridging projects, drawings and specifications, prepared after schematic design, “along with forms of contract, etc., make up the Bridging Contract Documents. The basic idea is to design, illustrate and specify everything that needs to be tied down to fully protect both the owner and the designer” while leaving as much latitude as possible to design-build bidders to use their skills and experience to give the owner the best buy. (Source: http://www.bridginginstitute.org/faq)

Building Gross Square Feet (BGSF)

The floor area of the entire building or project, which includes floor area occupied by rooms/spaces, walls, corridors, conveyances, mechanical/utility rooms, and shafts.

Capacity, Name Plate and Capacity Unit

The capacity and capacity unit characterize the capacity of the new facility, the added capacity (in case of additions), or the capacity of specific equipment of system being replaced or installed in renovation projects. For instance, the installation of a compressor in a gas processing facility can be characterized by the unit HP. For a new gas processing facility, the unit cubic feet per day characterizes the capacity of the facility or project. Table 1 provides example of common units for different sectors and project types. Similarly, for a cogeneration project inside a manufacturing plant, the capacity unit should describe the nature of the cogeneration project. This is important to allow comparisons between projects of similar type.

Change, Scope

Changes in the base scope of work or process basis. A scope change alters the project content or parameters such as size, capacity, use, location or product mix. Examples include changes in feedstock, site location, throughput, or the addition of unrelated scope. 

Change, Project Development 

Change required to execute the original scope of work or obtain the original process results as defined by the Owner. Project development changes are trends that do not alter the project premise. Examples: unforeseen site conditions that require a change in design/construction methods, changes required due to design errors and omissions, market escalation, productivity, estimate variations, design growth, schedule trends, and back charges and / or rework.

Commissioning Management Team

See Startup management team

Concession Agreement

A concession or concession agreement is a grant of rights, land or property by a government, local authority, corporation, individual or other legal entity.

Contract Type

If your project has alternative contracts, the chosen contract type should be the one that is most similar to the project contract. For mixed contracts (i.e., part Cost Reimbursable and part Lump Sum), the contract type should indicate the type with the largest contract amount.

Cost of Quality

This is the costs to conform to the required quality of the project. It consists of three different types of costs:

• Prevention costs are associated with keeping defective product away from the customer.

• Appraisal costs are associated with checking the product to make sure it is conforming.

• Failure costs are associated with the failure of a defective product. Internal failure costs are related with failure before commissioning and external failure costs are related with failure after commissioning.

Decisions (made by the managers)

For a contractor responding to the survey, these decisions should be the ones taken within your organization. For an owner responding to the survey, these decisions are those taken by the owner’s project manager, within the scope of the owner’s work.

Delivery Method

Design-Bid-Build: Serial sequence of design and construction phases: owner contracts separately with designer and constructor.
Design-Build: Owner contracts with Design-Build (EPC) contractor.
CM at Risk: Owner contracts with designers and construction manager (CM). CM holds the contracts.
Parallel Primes: Owner contracts separately with designer and multiple prime constructors.

Estimated Project Cost TBD: ad contract award for contractors. If Cost reimbursable? When you sign the actual contract with cost. See general program notes.

Duration, Forecast Project Duration

The forecast project duration at the end of the phase. For owner companies, the forecasted project duration should include all phases from start of FEP to end of Startup. For contractors, the project duration reflects the participation of the contractor. For instance, an EPC contractor, will report the duration of procurement, engineering and construction phases.. If the contractors participating only in one phase, for instance, engineering or construction, then the forecast duration if the actual duration of the phase at the end of the phase.

First Aid

Using a nonprescription medication at nonprescription strength (OSHA definition). First aid is emergency care provided for injury or sudden illness before emergency medical treatment is available. The first-aid provider in the workplace is someone who is trained in the delivery of initial medical emergency procedures, using a limited amount of equipment to perform a primary assessment and  intervention while awaiting arrival of emergency medical service (EMS). (Source: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3317first-aid.pdf) 

Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) and Team Size

Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) represents the number of participants and the percent of time each is allocated to the project.  For example, if one team member, responsible for procurement, works ½ time on the project, then the procurement contribution to the FTE measure is 0.5.  Likewise, if two project controls specialists work on the team full time, they contribute 2.0 FTE. For the team size, you should consider only the FTE working within your organization. For an owner, these include only the owner personnel working on the project. For instance, only the engineers working for the owner organization are counted in the Engineering team. For a contractor, all FTEs working directly for the contractor or subcontracted should be included.

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)

A method of project delivery distinguished by a contractual arrangement among a minimum of owner, constructor and design professional that aligns business interests of all parties. IPD motivates collaboration throughout the design and construction process, tying stakeholder success to project success, and embodies the contractual and behavioral principle. (Source:http://www.aia.org/about/initiatives/AIAS076981)

Interim Product Database (IPD)

The term Interim Product Database (IPD) refers to a design-production integration scheme observed (by RT 232) in the Asian shipbuilding industry. The IPD consists, in essence, of a library of designs for “chunks” or modules of ships, design rules to allow rapid resizing, and all of the production information to drive a mechanized, automated assembly line to construct those chunks. See https://store.construction-institute.org/detail.aspx?id=RR255_11_E and https://store.construction-institute.org/SearchResults.aspx?searchterm=rr232&searchoption=ALL.

Major Equipment

Examples of Major Equipment are provided in Table 2. The count should include equipment listed on the procurement list. Contractors should only report major equipment that is included in their scope of work (both in terms of count and cost).

Table 2: Examples of Major Equipment

Medical Treatment

Medical treatment means the management and care of a patient to combat disease or disorder. Medical treatment does not include: visits to a physician or other licensed health care professional solely for observation or counseling; the conduct of diagnostic procedures, such as x-rays and blood tests, including the administration of prescription medications used solely for diagnostic purposes (e.g., eye drops to dilate pupils); or "first aid" (OSHA definition). Synonym: recordable case.

Midpoint of Phase

A date used for normalizing project and phase costs. It should fall within the reported actual phase start and end dates.

Modularization

Modularization is a major section of a plant resulting from a series of remote assembly operations and may include portions of many systems; usually the largest transportable unit or component of a facility. Modularization refers to the use of offsite construction (including a segregated area onsite). For the purposes of the benchmarking data, modularization includes all work that represents substantial offsite construction and assembly of components and areas of the finished project. Examples that would fall within this categorization include:

• Skid assemblies of equipment and instrumentation that naturally ship to the site in one piece, and require minimal on-site reassembly.

• Super-skids of assemblies of components that typically represent substantial portions of the plant, intended to be installed in a building.

• Prefabricated modules comprising both industrial plant components and architecturally finished enclosures.

Modularization does not include offsite fabrication of components. Examples of work that would be excluded from the definition of modularization include:

• Fabrication of the component pieces of a structural framework

• Fabrication of piping spool-pieces

(Source: CII General Program glossary)

Offsite Costs

“Costs arising from a construction project that are spent in places other than the construction site. The expenses connected to the extension of roads and power lines to a new housing community would be an example of offsite costs, since the money would be spent on development of resources away from the project location”. (Source: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/off-site-cost.html#ixzz2zjno6lr5)

Offsite Fabrication 

Offsite Fabrication is the practice of preassembly or fabrication of components both off the site and onsite at a location other than at the final installation location.

Phases 

Table 3: Definitions of Phases