Lighting ratios
Also referred to as contrast ratios
Comparing the key to fill yields the lighting ratio
Formula for lighting ratio: key PLUS fill divided by fill alone
1:1 no difference (very flat)
2:1 One f-stop (high key)
3:1 One and 2/3 f-stops
4:1 Two f-stops (low key)
8:1 Three f-stops (very low key, pushing the latitude of color negative film)