Fragments (&+)

1. 1. Fragments are single phonemes or partial words
      1. These should be marked with &+ preceding them:
         1. she &+t &+tr tried to see it.
         2. he went with his &+fam family.
         3. it was under &+th under his bed.
   2. Also included as fragments are:
      1. Attempted productions of a phoneme or phonemes that are either abandoned or capture a conduit approach toward production of a potential target.
         1. Abandoned single word productions:
            1. I have a brain &+disea disorder.
      2. Conduit approach attempts:
         1. When a participant is clearly circling around production of one word, with multiple attempts at pronunciation that may or may not be successful:
            1. E.g., "for people who would like to luh lur luer learn more."
         2. If the separate attempts at productions are not in and of themselves intelligible words, these will be coded as fragments using &+
            1. for people who would like to &+luh &+lur &+luer learn more.
         3. If the final production is an intelligible word in context, code it as you would a paraphasia, with replacement text in brackets following a gloss of the production. If the final production is the correctly articulated word, write it as-is.
            1. Examples:
               1. I was a &+weh &+wepuh &+wepuhdid &+weduhd weapons specialist.

               2. 
                  

                  I was a &+weh &+wepuh &+wepuhdid &+weduhd wuhpuhns [: weapons] specialist.

         4. If an attempt at a word prior to the final intelligible attempt was also intelligible as the target, here is how you would transcribe it:
            1. Example:

               1. 
                  

                  I spent &+wuh wahn [: one] one day here.

               2. 
                  

                  my &+farv &+fah favorih [: favorite] fairvert [: favorite].

         5. If it is clear the participant is circling around a potential target but never reaches a production that is intelligible, code all the attempts as fragments, and the final, or last most complete word-like attempt as xxx.

Examples of conduit approach of unintelligible targets:

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. If the transcription sounded like:
               1. "I worked in sur shur shim shimble sh simbuhlur."
            2. The transcription coding would look like this:
               1. I worked in &+sur &+shur &+shim &+shimble &+sh xxx.
            3. If the transcription sounded like:
               1. "And then I trih trishin tarshin trih…"
            4. The transcription coding would look like this:
               1. and then I &+trih &+trishin xxx &+trih.
         2. Again, when in doubt if an attempt at a production should be coded as an intelligible but distorted word or marked as a fragment, consider a listener's perspective if they did not hear the other preceding or following attempts at the same target (which can give more clues as to the target) and ask yourself if it would be intelligible.